Surviving Emerging Adulthood: Validasi Struktur Internal Skala Perkembangan Sosial Mahasiswa dengan Confirmatory Factor Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i3.2238Keywords:
Social Development, Construct Validity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Psychometric Validation, University StudentsAbstract
Social development has become an important aspect of university students' adjustment during emerging adulthood. However, measuring this construct requires a psychometrically sound instrument capable of accurately representing its multidimensional nature. This study aimed to examine the construct validity of the Social Development Scale by evaluating whether its theoretical structure was supported by empirical data. A quantitative instrument validation design was employed involving 169 university students selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with Jamovi version 2.3 and the lavaan package. The instrument was developed based on four theoretical dimensions: Subjective Well-Being, Social Relationship, Social Participation, and Social Value & Fairness. The findings demonstrated that the measurement model generally supported the proposed factorial structure. Three dimensions Subjective Well-Being, Social Relationship, and Social Value & Fairness showed satisfactory model fit, whereas the Social Participation dimension indicated acceptable but less optimal fit, suggesting the need for further refinement. Overall, the results provide empirical evidence that the Social Development Scale possesses adequate construct validity and can be used to assess social development among university students. These findings contribute additional psychometric evidence supporting the use and further development of the instrument in higher education research.
References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
Białowolski, P., Weziak-Białowolska, D., & McNeely, E. (2023). Social values, empathy, and prosocial behaviour among young adults. Current Psychology.
Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2020). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 149.
Bücker, S., Nuraydin, S., Simonsmeier, B. A., Schneider, M., & Luhmann, M. (2021). Subjective well-being and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 91, 104111.
Byrne, B. M. (2022). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (4th ed.). Routledge.
Chu, P. S., Saucier, D. A., & Hafner, E. (2022). Meta-analysis of social support and psychological adjustment among university students. Journal of American College Health.
Conley, C. S., Shapiro, J. B., Huguenel, B. M., & Kirsch, A. C. (2020). Navigating the transition to college: Social relationships and student adjustment. Journal of American College Health.
Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2021). Stress, resilience and subjective well-being among university students. Studies in Higher Education.
Durlak, J. A., Domitrovich, C. E., Weissberg, R. P., & Gullotta, T. P. (2022). Handbook of Social and Emotional Learning: Research and Practice. Guilford Press.
Eccles, J. S., & Gootman, J. A. (2021). Youth participation and positive development: Implications for higher education. Applied Developmental Science.
European Commission. (2022). Youth Participation and Civic Engagement in Europe. Publications Office of the European Union.
Flake, J. K., Pek, J., & Hehman, E. (2022). Construct validation in psychological science: Revisiting the foundations of measurement. Nature Reviews Psychology.
Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2020). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and flourishing measures. The Journal of Positive Psychology.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
Howard, J. L., Bureau, J. S., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2022). Student motivation and well-being in higher education: A systematic review. Educational Psychology Review, 34(3), 1-30.
Jones, D. E., Greenberg, M., & Crowley, M. (2021). Social and emotional competence in higher education: Current evidence and future directions. Educational Psychology Review.
Knekta, E., Runyon, C., & Eddy, S. (2019). One size doesn't fit all: Using factor analysis to gather validity evidence when using surveys in your research. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 18(1), rm1.
Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Eres, R., Long, K. M., Penn, D. L., & Gleeson, J. F. M. (2022). Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social relationships among young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 309, 77-84.
Morelli, S. A., Ong, D. C., Makati, R., Jackson, M. O., & Zaki, J. (2021). Empathy and social relationships among emerging adults. Emotion.
Morgado, F. F. R., Meireles, J. F. F., Neves, C. M., Amaral, A. C. S., & Ferreira, M. E. C. (2021). Scale development: Ten main limitations and recommendations to improve future research practices. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 34(3).
Navarro-Carrillo, G., Valor-Segura, I., & Moya, M. (2023). Social values and prosocial behavior among young adults. Current Psychology.
OECD. (2020). How's Life? 2020: Measuring Well-Being. OECD Publishing.
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Sun, J. K. (2023). Subjective well-being and positive functioning among university students. Journal of Happiness Studies.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2022). A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (5th ed.). Routledge.
Shi, D., Lee, T., & Terry, R. A. (2019). Revisiting the model size effect in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 26(1), 72-83.
UNDP. (2022). Human Development Report 2022. United Nations Development Programme.
UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining Our Futures Together: A New Social Contract for Education.
Wang, Y., Li, X., & Chen, H. (2023). Student participation in campus organizations and social competence development. Higher Education Research & Development.
Wibowo, A., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Validitas konstruk instrumen psikologi menggunakan confirmatory factor analysis pada penelitian pendidikan tinggi. Jurnal Psikologi, 48(2), 145-158.
Worsley, J. D., Harrison, P., & Corcoran, R. (2022). Social relationships and mental health in higher education: A systematic review. Higher Education Research & Development.
