Uji Validitas Alat Ukur Self Alienation di Ruang Online pada Remaja
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i3.2230Keywords:
Self-Alienation, Adolescents, Media Social, Instrument Validation, PsychometricsAbstract
The increasing use of social media has created new challenges for adolescents in maintaining an authentic sense of self. Continuous pressure to meet online expectations and seek social validation may contribute to self-alienation, yet no validated instrument has been specifically developed to assess this construct among Indonesian adolescents. This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Self-Alienation in Online Spaces among Adolescents scale based on Seeman's theory of alienation. The instrument consisted of 44 items representing five dimensions: powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation, and self-estrangement, using a four-point Likert scale. Content validity was evaluated through expert judgment using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Internal consistency was examined in a pilot study involving 30 adolescents, while construct validity was assessed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with data collected from 172 adolescents aged 14–18 years who actively used social media. The findings demonstrated excellent content validity, acceptable internal consistency, and satisfactory construct validity across all dimensions. These results indicate that the instrument is suitable for measuring self-alienation in online environments among Indonesian adolescents and provides a useful tool for future research on adolescent psychological well-being and digital behaviour.
References
Akhmad, M. A., Ramli, M., & Muhammad, S. (2024). Reconstructing Generation Z's digital identity: Self-presentation and impression management strategies in second account Instagram. Thammasat Review, 27(2), 335-350.
Alchin, C. E., Machin, T. M., Martin, N., et al. (2024). Authenticity and inauthenticity in adolescents: A scoping review. Adolescent Research Review, 9(2), 279-315.
Aulia, F., & Putri, K. Y. S. (2024). Use of Instagram as a medium for adolescence self-identity construction. International Journal of Media and Communication Research, 5(1), 33-43.
Avci, H., Baams, L., & Kretschmer, T. (2025). A systematic review of social media use and adolescent identity development. Adolescent Research Review, 10(2), 219-236.
Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2020). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 149.
DeVellis, R. F., & Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Scale development: Theory and applications (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2022). Multivariate data analysis (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Handayani, A., Sudargo, S., Yulianti, P. D., & Ardini, S. N. (2020). The impact of social media on adolescent self-concept: An overview based on self theory. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 8(3), 553-566.
Hayes, B., Suleiman, A., & Watling, D. (2024). Students' impression management and self-presentation behaviours via online educational platforms: An archival review. First Monday, 29(3).
Huang, J., Kumar, S., & Hu, C. (2021). A literature review of online identity reconstruction. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
Jannah, N., Mufidah, L. N., & Pratiwi, M. M. S. (2025). Uji konstruk validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen pengukuran penggunaan media sosial, kesehatan mental dan perilaku kesehatan reproduksi pada remaja. Journal of Holistics and Health Sciences, 8(1).
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (5th ed.). Guilford Press.
Kyriazos, T. A., & Poga, M. (2023). Sample size in confirmatory factor analysis: A review of recommendations and empirical evidence. Psychology, 14(2), 145-167.
Muttaqin, D. (2020). Psychometric properties of Identity Style Inventory-5 Indonesian version: Factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. Jurnal Psikologi: Indonesian Journal of Psychology.
Najiba, N., Nur, H., & Sirajuddin, W. (2025). Tantangan pengembangan identitas diri remaja di media sosial: Telaah literatur. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Pasenrigading, A. R., Nur, H., & Daud, M. (2025). Pengaruh media sosial terhadap persepsi diri dan pembentukan identitas remaja. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial.
Pérez-Torres, V. (2024). Social media: A digital social mirror for identity development during adolescence. Current Psychology, 43, 22170-22180.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2021). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Pratiwi, R., Rahmatulloh, A. R., & Rahimmatussalisa. (2025). Adaptation and validation of the Indonesia version social media engagement scale for adolescent. Humanitas: Indonesian Psychological Journal, 22(1).
Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review, 24(6), 783-791.
Sirin, S. R., Brauer, S. Z., & Tugberk, R. C. (2024). Reframing adolescent identity: A global perspective for the digital age. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 6, 301-322.
Zamanzadeh, V., Ghahramanian, A., Rassouli, M., et al. (2021). Design and implementation content validity study: Development of an instrument. Nursing Practice Today, 8(2), 97-104.
