Pengembangan dan Validitas Alat Ukur Social Masking Exhaustion pada Dewasa Awal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i3.2205Keywords:
Social Masking Exhaustion, Psychological Fatigue, Camouflaging, Young Adults, Scale DevelopmentAbstract
Social pressure to conform to environmental norms drives individuals, particularly early-adult college students, to engage in constant social masking, leading to profound psychological exhaustion. Until now, no psychometric instrument has specifically measured Social Masking Exhaustion (SME) in a non-clinical early-adult population in Indonesia. This study aims to develop and validate an SME measurement tool based on Persona Theory, Need to Belong, and Social Anxiety. The instrument comprises six dimensions: constant internal dialogue, desire to form bonds, physical exhaustion, fear of negative evaluation, regulating facial expressions, and attitude changes across social environments, with 60 initial items on a 1–4 Likert scale. Content validity was assessed through peer judgment using CVR, CVI, and Aiken's V; most items achieved Aiken's V ≥ 0.70, with 4 items eliminated, leaving 56 final items. A pilot study with 31 respondents indicated Cronbach's Alpha α = 0.903, indicating very high internal consistency. Further testing on 164 respondents via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed a good model fit across all dimensions: DI (CFI = 0.986, SRMR = 0.0293, RMSEA = 0.0576), KI (CFI = 0.998, SRMR = 0.0314, RMSEA = 0.0199), KF (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.010, SRMR = 0.0166), EN (CFI = 0.978, SRMR = 0.0345, RMSEA = 0.0587), EW (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.060, SRMR = 0.0217), and PS (CFI = 0.995, SRMR = 0.0240, RMSEA = 0.0369). These results indicate that the SME instrument has adequate construct validity and reliability for use with the early-adult population in Indonesia.
References
A.M, B., & S, C. (2025). The Impact of Unmet Belongingness Needs and Social anxiety on the Development of Parasocial Relationship Among Young adults: A psychological study based on Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs. Advanced International Journal for Research, 6(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2442
Clement, F. (2026). Change your attitude. The role of affective social learning in shaping individual attitudes toward their environment. Acta Psychologica, 1-9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106572
Conal Monaghan, Y. S. (2025). The Expression Regulation Scale (ERS): Validation of Three Emotion Domains for Expressive Norms with Close and Distant Others in Private and Public Situations. Sage doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911251333664
Hull, L., Levy, L., Lai, M. C., Petrides, K. V., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., & Mandy, W. (2021). Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? Molecular Autism, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00421-1
Kelly-Ann Allen, D. L. (2021). The Need to Belong: a Deep Dive into the Origins, Implications, and Future of a foundational Construct. Educational Psychology Review, 1133-1156. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09633-6
Lei, J., Leigh, E., Charman, T., Russell, A., & Hollocks, M. J. (2024). Understanding the relationship between social camouflaging in autism and safety behaviours in social anxiety in autistic and non-autistic adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 65(3), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13884
Li Geng, Q. F. (2023). Connectome-based modeling reveals a resting-state functional network that mediates the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Frontiers in Psychology, 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1264221
Nawaz, S. (2024). The Hidden Cost of Fitting In : Camouflaging in High-Pressure Healthcare Open Access Public Health & Health Administration Review Open Access Public Health & Health Administration Review. 03, 74–84.
McIntyre, K. P., Peebles, M. M., & Mattingly, B. A. (2024). “I Need to Belong”: Examining a Negative Halo Effect for Expressions of the Need to Belong. Interpersona, 18(2), 201 215. https://doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.10801
Setiawan, A. H., Sastrawan, D., Khumaedi, M. W., & Hernisawati, H. (2022). Persona, Shadow dan Kepercayaan diri berhijab Remaja Putri dalam Kepribadian Jung. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(2), 428–433. https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v4i2.181
Shegang Zhou, H. G. (2026). Anger and Anxiety as Sequential Predictors of Fatigue: A Two Wave Longitudinal Study. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/da/8772749
Speed, A. T. (2026). Masking Is Not an Exhaustion Symptom How Psychiatric Diagnostics Reduce Autistic Existence to Failure. 1–10.
Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Gao, W., Chen, W., Xiao, Z., Qi, Y., Turel, O., & He, Q. (2023). From fears of evaluation to social anxiety: The longitudinal relationships and neural basis in healthy young adults. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(2), 0–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100345
