Pengaruh Media Audio-Visual terhadap Working-Memory pada Siswa SMA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i3.2189Keywords:
Working Memory, Audio Learning, Visual Learning, High School Students, Learning MediaAbstract
Working memory is a cognitive function that plays an important role in temporarily storing and manipulating information to support learning and information processing. Differences in information delivery media, such as audio and visual media, may engage different components of working memory and potentially lead to different cognitive outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effect of receiving information through audio and visual media on the working memory of high school students. This study employed a quantitative experimental method using a post-test control group design. The participants were 27 tenth-grade students from Perguruan Darul Ma’ruf Jakarta, consisting of 14 students in the audio group and 13 students in the visual group. Data were collected using a post-test consisting of five essay questions administered after the treatment. Data analysis was conducted using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, Independent Sample t-test, and Cohen’s d effect size analysis with Jamovi software. The results of the normality test indicated that the data were normally distributed (p = 0.494). The Independent Sample t-test showed no significant difference between the audio and visual groups (t = 1.17, p = 0.253), indicating that the alternative hypothesis was rejected and the null hypothesis was accepted. However, the effect size analysis revealed a Cohen’s d value of 0.451, indicating a small-to-moderate effect, with the audio group obtaining a higher mean score than the visual group. These findings suggest that audio and visual media do not significantly differ in their influence on the working memory of high school students.
References
Aslaksen, K., & Lorås, H. (2019). Matching Instruction with Modality-Specific Learning Style: Effects on Immediate Recall and Working Memory Performance. Education Sciences, 9(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010032
Baddeley, A. (2003). Working memory: looking back and looking forward. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(10), 829–839. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1201
Baddeley, A., Lewis, V., & Vallar, G. (1984). Exploring the Articulatory Loop. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 36(2), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/14640748408402157
Castro-Alonso, J. C., & Sweller, J. (2021). The Modality Principle in Multimedia Learning. In The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning (pp. 261–267). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108894333.026
Charlota Lerik, M. D. (2016). Kapasitas Memori Kerja dalam Pengambilan Keputusan. Buletin Psikologi, 24(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.12678
Cohen, Jacob. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
González-Estrada, E., & Cosmes, W. (2019). Shapiro–Wilk test for skew normal distributions based on data transformations. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 89(17), 3258–3272. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2019.1658763
Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2003). Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3801_6
Pearson, H., & Wilbiks, J. (2021). Effects of Audiovisual Memory Cues on Working Memory Recall. Vision, 5(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision5010014
Pearson, J., & Keogh, R. (2019). Redefining Visual Working Memory: A Cognitive-Strategy, Brain-Region Approach. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(3), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419835210
Putra, A. S., Tiatri, S., & Sutikno, N. (2017). Peningkatan Kapasitas Working Memory melalui Permainan Congklak pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Psikologi, 44(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.21984
Silverman, M. J., Bourdaghs, S. W., & Schwartzberg, E. T. (2021). Effects of Visual and Aural Presentation Styles and Rhythm on Working Memory as Measured by Monosyllabic Sequential Digit Recall. Psychological Reports, 124(3), 1282–1297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120930974
Silverman, M. J., & Schwartzberg, E. T. (2019). Effects of Visual and Auditory Presentation Styles and Musical Elements on Working Memory as Measured by Monosyllabic Sequential Digit Recall. Psychological Reports, 122(4), 1297–1312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118781937
Sinurat, A. R. D., Amara, A., Fahrani, A. N., Azka, P. N., & Jatnika, R. (2022). Pengaruh Bentuk Penyampaian Informasi Berupa Stimulus Audio, Visual, dan Audiovisual terhadap Working Memory Mahasiswa. Jurnal Sains Psikologi, 11(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.17977/um023v11i22022p137-145
Sugiyono. (2013). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Penerbit Alfabeta.
