Paradoks Ketergantungan Peraturan Daerah dalam Operasionalisasi Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Pasca-Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 55 Tahun 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i3.2137Keywords:
Living Law, Legal Certainty, Criminal Code, Regional Regulation, Legality PrincipleAbstract
The enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) and its implementing regulation, Government Regulation Number 55 of 2025, marks a significant development in recognizing living law within the national criminal justice system. Although the implementing regulation addresses earlier concerns regarding the absence of procedural guidance, uncertainty remains because the application of Article 2 depends on the enactment of Regional Regulations (Peraturan Daerah). This study examines whether Government Regulation Number 55 of 2025 has strengthened legal certainty or merely shifted the implementation problem to the regional level. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings reveal that the current regulatory framework creates four structural challenges: operational dormancy, geographical inequality in criminal law enforcement, institutional inconsistency among enforcement bodies, and a narrowing scope of living law due to the subsidiarity principle. The study argues that the principal issue has shifted from the absence of implementing regulations to excessive dependence on regional legislation. It proposes a normative framework consisting of national standards, clearer operational requirements, institutional coordination, judicial verification, and human rights safeguards to strengthen legal certainty while preserving the recognition of customary law.
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