Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Anak yang Dilahirkan dari Perkawinan Siri dalam Poligami Tanpa Izin: Analisis Penetapan Pengadilan Agama Kudus Nomor 94/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v6i2.2093Keywords:
Unregistered Marriage; Child Protection; Legal Certainty; Child Origin; Civil RightsAbstract
Marriage is a legal institution that establishes civil relationships between spouses and their children. In Indonesia, a marriage is legally recognized when it complies with religious law and is officially registered. However, unregistered marriages (nikah siri) remain common and often create legal uncertainty, particularly regarding the civil status of children. This issue becomes more complex when the unregistered marriage is conducted by a man who is still legally married to another woman without obtaining court approval for polygamy. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences for children born from such marriages and to examine the legal reasoning of the judges in the Decision of the Kudus Religious Court Number 94/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kds. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches. The findings show that children born from unregistered marriages remain biologically related to both parents but may face administrative obstacles in proving their civil relationship with the father. Nevertheless, Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010 allows such children to establish civil relations with their biological father through valid legal evidence. The determination of a child’s origin by the court provides legal certainty and ensures the fulfillment of rights to identity, maintenance, education, and inheritance. The judges in Decision Number 94/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kds adopted a progressive approach by prioritizing the best interests of the child over the formal absence of marriage registration.
References
Abdullah, I., & Prasetyo, B. (2022). Legal awareness and unregistered marriage practices in Indonesian Muslim society. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 20(2), 145-160.
Arifin, Z. (2021). Hukum perkawinan Islam di Indonesia. Prenadamedia Group.
Bowen, J. R. (2021). On British Islam: Religion, law, and everyday practice in sharia councils. Princeton University Press.
Cammack, M. (2020). Islamic law and family regulation in contemporary Indonesia. Asian Journal of Comparative Law, 15(1), 45-63.
Diantha, I. M. P. (2020). Metodologi penelitian hukum normatif dalam justifikasi teori hukum. Kencana.
Efendi, J., & Johnny, I. (2021). Metode penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris. Prenadamedia Group.
Fatmawati, N. (2020). Penetapan asal usul anak pasangan nikah siri dalam perspektif hukum progresif. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam, 5(2), 145-160.
Fauzi, A., & Aminah, S. (2022). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak hasil perkawinan tidak tercatat dalam perspektif hukum nasional. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 19(3), 311-325.
Fitria, R., & Koniyo, A. (2021). Analisis sosio-yuridis terhadap penetapan asal usul anak dari pernikahan siri untuk kepentingan pemenuhan hak anak. Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, 19(1), 85-99.
Hadjon, P. M. (2021). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat di Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Hakim, L., & Fadillah, R. (2020). Kepastian hukum status anak hasil perkawinan tidak tercatat dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Yudisial, 13(2), 211-228.
Hasan, M. A. (2021). Hukum keluarga Islam di Indonesia. Kencana.
Hidayat, T., & Ridwan, M. (2021). Akibat hukum nikah siri terhadap status anak dalam administrasi kependudukan. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 10(2), 201-215.
Isharyanto. (2022). Teori hukum: Suatu pengantar dengan pendekatan tematik. Penerbit Lakeisha.
Karim, A., & Syahrul, M. (2022). Nikah siri dan problematika perlindungan hukum keluarga di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 6(1), 55-72.
Kurniawan, D., & Mahendra, P. (2022). Penetapan asal usul anak sebagai perlindungan hak sipil anak dalam hukum keluarga Islam. Jurnal Al-Ahwal, 15(2), 133-148.
Mulyadi, A., & Anisa, R. (2023). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak hasil perkawinan siri dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(1), 89-104.
Nugroho, H., & Lestari, S. (2022). Pendekatan hukum progresif dalam putusan hakim pengadilan agama mengenai asal usul anak. Jurnal Ius Constituendum, 7(3), 301-317.
Nuruddin, A., & Tarigan, A. A. (2020). Hukum perdata Islam di Indonesia. Prenadamedia Group.
Prasetyo, T. (2021). Filsafat hukum. Rajawali Pers.
Rahman, F. (2023). Constitutional protection of children born outside marriage after Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Indonesia Law Review, 13(1), 77-94.
Rahmawati, S., & Tamrin, M. (2021). Penetapan status anak dari perkawinan di bawah tangan (Studi Putusan Nomor 77/Pdt.P/2020/PA.Gtlo). Jurnal Al-’Adalah, 18(2), 233-248.
Salim, H. S., & Nurbani, E. S. (2020). Penerapan teori hukum pada penelitian tesis dan disertasi. Rajawali Pers.
Siregar, M. (2022). Prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dalam perlindungan hukum anak di Indonesia. Jurnal HAM, 13(2), 201-216.
Wijaya, R. (2023). Reinterpretasi hubungan perdata anak luar kawin pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Jurnal Rechtsvinding, 12(1), 77-92.
Yusuf, A., & Ramadhani, N. (2021). Hukum progresif dan perlindungan hak anak dalam perkara asal usul anak di pengadilan agama. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 10(3), 355-370.
