Pengaruh Penerapan Enviromental Social Governance (ESG) dan Capital Intensity terhadap Tax Avoidance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37481/jmeb.v6i3.2387Keywords:
ESG Disclosure, Capital Intensity, Tax Avoidance, Effective Tax Rate, Consumer Non-CyclicalsAbstract
Tax avoidance remains an important issue because tax revenue is a major source of government financing, while companies seek to manage their tax burden efficiently. This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure and capital intensity on tax avoidance in consumer non-cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020-2024. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports. The population consists of 132 companies, from which 8 companies were selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 40 firm-year observations. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with the Common Effect Model and processed using EViews 13. Tax avoidance is proxied by the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), while ESG is measured based on the disclosure of GRI 2021 indicators and capital intensity is measured by the proportion of fixed assets to total assets. The results show that ESG disclosure does not have a significant effect on ETR, with a probability value of 0.0595. In contrast, capital intensity has a significant positive effect on ETR, with a probability value of 0.0024. Simultaneously, ESG disclosure and capital intensity significantly affect ETR, as indicated by a probability value of 0.001016. These findings indicate that capital intensity is more closely associated with variations in corporate effective tax rates than ESG disclosure.
References
Alkautsar, M., Nurlaela, L., & Faozyi, A. N. (2021). Pengaruh corporate social responsibility disclosure dan corporate governance terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Wacana Ekonomi, 20(2).
Anggraeni, T., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2021). Dampak thin capitalization, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tindakan penghindaran pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pajak, 21(2), 390-397.
Anggraini, P., & Wahyudi, I. (2022). Pengaruh reputasi perusahaan, environmental, social and governance dan kualitas audit terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(2), 643-649.
Apriliani, S., & Hidayati, W. N. (2023). Deferred tax expense, sales growth, capital intensity, transfer pricing and tax avoidance. Economic and Accounting Journal, 6(3), 179-190.
Artini, N. M., & Setiawan, P. E. (2021). Pengungkapan corporate social responsibility dan penghindaran pajak dengan profitabilitas sebagai variabel moderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(9).
Aryatama, M. D., & Sukartiningsih, L. (2021). The effect of capital intensity, corporate social responsibility, and profitability on tax avoidance: In manufacturing companies industry of food & beverage sub sectors listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 10(4).
Benlemlih, M., Shaukat, A., & Wang, Y. (2022). The effect of corporate social responsibility practices on tax avoidance: An empirical study in the French context. Competitiveness Review, 32(3), 326-349.
Dewi, D. K., & Noviari, N. (2021). Pengaruh konservatisme akuntansi, capital intensity, dan investment opportunity set pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 10(9).
Dewi, N. K. K., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2023). Ukuran perusahaan memoderasi pengaruh profitability dan capital intensity terhadap tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 33(8), 2145-2159.
Fallan, E., & Fallan, L. (2019). Corporate tax behaviour and environmental disclosure: Strategic trade-offs across elements of CSR? Scandinavian Journal of Management, 35(3), 101042.
Gumono, C. O. (2021). Pengaruh ROA, leverage, dan capital intensity terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan pertambangan era Jokowi-JK. Media Akuntansi dan Perpajakan Indonesia, 2(2), 125-138.
Hasbi, Z. N., & Fitriyanto, N. (2021). Pengaruh kualitas audit dan komite audit terhadap perilaku penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance). MAKSIMUM: Media Akuntansi Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, 11(1).
Kim, S., & Li, Z. (2021). The effect of ESG performance on tax avoidance—Evidence from Korea. Sustainability, 13(12), 6729.
Kurnianti, D., Mardiyati, U., & Indriani, T. (2021). Profitabilitas, CSR, corporate governance dan tax avoidance pada perusahaan manufaktur periode 2014-2018. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia, 12(1), 40-58.
Laurentya, V., Gouwtama, C. M., & Tallane, Y. Y. (2023). Pengaruh transfer pricing dan capital intensity terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan food and beverage yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2020-2021. Going Concern: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 18(4), 271-279.
Ma’sum, M. A., Jaeni, & Badjuri, A. (2022). Tax avoidance dalam perspektif agency theory: Studi empiris pada karakteristik teks laporan tahunan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 7(2), 1873-1884.
Marsahala, Y. T., Arieftiara, D., & Lastiningsih, N. (2021). Profitability, capital intensity and tax avoidance in Indonesia: The effect board of commissioners' competencies. Journal of Contemporary Accounting, 2(3), 129-140.
Monalisa, E. (2024). Pengaruh environmental social and governance, sales growth, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap tax avoidance. JEKOS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Sosial), 1(1), 29-35.
Palupi, I. D., Kurniawati, L., & Wijayanto, K. (2021). The effectiveness of corporate governance components as a control mechanism in detecting tax avoidance when the company is under financial pressure. Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 6(3).
Putri, A. A., Azmi, Z., & Arsa, J. (2021). Apakah sales growth, leverage dan capital intensity mempengaruhi tax avoidance? Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika, 11(1), 1-11.
Reber, B., Gold, A., & Gold, S. (2022). ESG disclosure and idiosyncratic risk in initial public offerings. Journal of Business Ethics, 179(3), 867-886.
Sofiamanan, N. Z., Machmuddah, Z., & T. A. H., N. (2023). Profitability, capital intensity, and company size against tax avoidance with leverage as an intervening variable. Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation, 8(1), 21-29.
Teja, A. (2024). Environmental, social and governance disclosure scores and tax avoidance. JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi), 9(1).
Tsang, A., Frost, T., & Cao, H. (2023). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure: A literature review. The British Accounting Review, 55(1), 101149.
Ulfa, E. K., Suprapti, E., & Latifah, S. W. (2021). The effect of CEO tenure, capital intensity, and firm size on tax avoidance. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 11(1).
Wardana, M. J., & Wulandari, S. (2021). Analisis determinan penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Kompak: Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi, 14(2), 297-307.
Wirawan, I. M. D. S. (2023). Capital intensity dan tax avoidance dengan leverage sebagai variabel moderasi. GEMA EKONOMI, 12(8).
